These guides may be used for educational purposes, as long as proper credit is given. A good way to inform readers that they should refer to a certain section of your paper is to number all the sections (and even subsections). (3) If you are citing to a specific subdivision or subdivisions of a code section, indicate all the subjections. Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. Some professors allow students to cite to Lexis orWestlaw. Important: Do not use the abbreviations for the Illinois Compiled Statutes listed in Table 1 (pp. Legal citation is the practice of crediting and referring to authoritative documents and sources. Footnote #7: Mbapp, supra note 3, at 88. Use ILCS as the abbreviation for all forms of the Illinois Compiled Statutes, both semi-official and unofficial. The first tip videoexplains the answers to both FAQ #3 (using id and supra) and FAQ #4 (using Word's internal cross reference feature), all in one 3:30 video! Table 1 (p. 227)has jurisdiction-specific rules for citing U.S. federal and state cases, statutes, and other primary legal materials. General rule: capitalize all words, including the initial word and the word immediately following a colon. Here's an example of this from the German version of the Political Parties Act: If you are referring to a primary source that was translated into English, you should citethe translated version. Jurisdiction abbreviation (in round brackets). The examples on this page are for briefs and memos. are shown at the top of the screen on Lexis and Westlaw and at the top of the page and the beginning of the statute in print and the exact copyof the print found on HeinOnline. In WI, the official code is the Wisconsin Statutes . If the law has just passed and does not yet appear in the United States Code, cite to the Public Law Number with a parallel citation to its location in Statutes at Large. If you are citing to a statute that is no longer in force, you should cite to the current code if the statute still appears in it. Remember that in a citation (e.g. Footnote #8: See Neuer, supra note 6, at 9-11 (describing how establishing term limits for judges in Germany has instilled more confidence in that country's judiciary). published by Lexis. Cite therein if available [see rule 12.3 & table 1]. While holding down the <alt> key, type in 0167 on the number pad. However, Zotero's citations are frequently not Bluebook-perfect (especially for primary sources like cases and statutes), so you will have to fix them if you want them to be right. Table 1 provides a list of statutory codes and abbreviations for federal statutes and state statutes as well as the preferred statutory codeto cite for federal statutes and each state's statutes. See R. 12.5. number listed in the header of the law. at 415. Finally, many Bluebook rules require certain names, words, and phrases to be shortened. So, just cite to either the Lexis or Westlaw unofficial code: tells you that Colorado Revised Statutes is the source, 31 specifies the title, 25 specifies the article, and 408 specifies the section. When this occurs, you can cite to the public law number, sessions law or statutes at large [rule 12.2.2(a) & 12.4]. Parallel cites are not used for the code, since there is no official code for California. The information here can help anyone who is writing a scholarly legal paper in the United States, including JD students, LLM students, and SJD students. The section part of the number (.020) is initially made up of three digits, constitutes a true decimal, and provides a facility for numbering new sections to be inserted between old sections already consecutively numbered, merely by adding one or more digits at the end of the number. The model for a federal statute is: Title Code Section (year*). Most will provide the proper citation for both official and unofficial codes, and which to use first . =========================================================================. Ohio Rev. Thus instead of 26 U.S.C. 2022 by The University of Akron The University of Akron is an Equal Education and Employment Institution. In general, you should cite statutes (laws/act) to their location in the online United States Code (U.S.C.). 2913.02 (LEXIS through file 59 (HB 1)). Position your cursor where you want to insert . Do not cite to a pocket part or supplement if the only new information is additional case annotations or references to secondary sources. A statutory codeis compilation of laws enacted by a legislative body that are currently in force and organized by subject. Needless to say, it is large, a bit unwieldy, and challenging at first. Submit a question or search ourknowledge base. This is because thereare three versions of the federal statutes: Bluebook R12.3requires you to cite the official U.S.C. Mitglieder einer Partei knnen nur natrliche Personen sein. Gesetz ber die Politischen Parteien (PartG) [Political Parties Act], Jan. 31, 1994, BGBl. Code Ann. (2) The official federal code is the United States Code (U.S.C.). If you are citing more than one statute, you can use the same date for all statutes. This guide has a short video that demonstrates how this works for a website (click Bluebook Training Videos in the table of contents tothe left of this text to navigate to it). State Statutory Codes Like federal statutes, state statutes may be published in both an official code and an unofficial code, and The Bluebook requires you to cite to the official code, if possible (Rule 12.2.1) . C.R.S. A short primer on Bluebook citation formats for federal and state cases and statutes, as well as books, journals, and other secondary sources. The date does not refer to the last time the statute was amended but, rather, to the most recent public law included in the database. What does that mean? Unofficial annotated codes: When citing to one of the unofficial annotated codes you need to indicate which set you used by identifying the publisher at the end of the cite. Remember, however, if your paper is targeting a U.S. audience, many readers will find those kinds of translations helpful. 35 ILCS 200/26-5 to 200/26-25 (2014 State Bar Edition). Rule B12.1.2 (page 19) & Rule 12 (page 120)&Table T1 forVirginia on p. 291, Table 1: cite to Va. Code Ann. 93, 1 (West, Westlaw through Chapter 113 of the 2020 2d Ann. andU.S.C.S. To cite this section of the code: 17 U.S.C. So, just cite to either the Lexis or Westlawunofficial code: (For law review footnotes, Ohio Rev. Citation of statutes is quite straightforward. Note that the 21st edition of the bluebook introduced Rule 3.3(d) regarding flush language. How do you reference sections in a document? It contains extensive instructions on how to format statutory citations, and it also provides guidance on citing municipal ordinances, rules of evidence and procedure, and uniform and model laws. Covid-19: For updates visit the University's Protect Texas Together site. The United States Code Annotated and the United States Code Service are two of the unofficial federal codes. and statutes passed in the last year or two may not yet be in the U.S.C., even in a supplement. Hearing the voiceless: a respected judge on putting the rights of crime victims above those of defendants, Correct article title capitalization: L. 111260, 1(a), Oct. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. insert a section symbol ("") followed by the section being cited. and its supplements, then you can cite to the United States Code Annotated (U.S.C.A.) It takes the following form: short title, statute volume (including jurisdiction and year), chapter number, section number (if needed) Example of a statute in an annual statute volume: Fewer Politicians Act, SO 1996, c 28, s 3. or U.S.C.A. It is permissible to use either an official or popular name. 2. 245 (2018), use I.R.C. *Citing to the year is optional if citing to official or unofficial editions of the U.S.C. Rule 12 explains situations in which you would cite other sources, including unofficial codes. This table provides the reporter names and abbreviations, statutory compilation names and abbreviations, and citation conventions for all federal and state courts. L. No. That way, when it needs to be updated when the footnote numbers change, you can tell Word to do that automatically. should be citedusingan unofficial code, such as West's U.S.C.A.,until the statue appears in the U.S.C. Anything you download from HeinOnline as a PDF will include a Bluebook citation on the first page of the PDF. It has gotten more flexible over the years. That also means that the supra note number in footnote #34(which is now footnote #35) needs to change, from 28 to 29. A list of any available codes for each state is included in Table T1.3. It is important to refer to the Bluebookfor each state, as the format varies by state. ), the official federal code, if available. and U.S.C.S. Place a single space after the section symbol and enter the numbers that correspond with the Code. In the U.S., the official code is the U.S. Code which should be cited whenever possible.U.S.C.A. Exceptionto the general rule: do not capitalize the following: Exception to the exception: Capitalize any of those words if they are the first word of the title, the first word after a colon, or more than four letters. 4332. For this reason if you are citing to a range of sections, use the words "to" or "through" instead of a dash to avoid confusion. BluebookRule 12.2.1 requires that you cite to the official code of each stateif available. 99-495 of the 2015 Legis. Arbitrations. The Bluebook is currently in its 21st edition,released in June 2020. However, the basic format of a statutorycitation is as follows: Rule 12(and Rule B12 in the Bluepages)governs how to cite statutes. Basic format to reference legislation and cases. or U.S.C.S. Hearing the Voiceless: A Respected Judge on Putting the Rights of Crime Victims Above Those of Defendants. The official U.S.C. To determine where the statute is codified (where it appears in the United States Code), follow this process: Explanation: In the example above, Pub. Example: Ohio. The name of the publisher (West or LexisNexis). In addition to Rule 12, you will need to consult Table 1 in order to format a citation to a statute. the abbreviated title of that case reporter. At the Federal level, the official code publication is the United States Code (U.S.C.). Footnote #1: Messi v. Haaland, 100 F.4th 197 (9th Cir. 3. The Fair Use standards can be found at section 107. 1234 (2018). Consult table T16 for abbreviations of document subdivisions. Those citations are often close but not entirely right. The unofficial United States Code Annotated (U.S.C.A. Instructions for doing this are in Rule 3.5: Internal Cross-References. Most legal citations consist of the name of the document (case, statute, law review article), an abbreviation for the legal series, and the date. When citing an electronic database, gave the name of the database and currency information in a parenthetical instead of the year of the code. When quoting a contract, you should write the quote and then include the page number and section where the quote can be found. 30A 1-25 (2010). This is the start of the range of sections it applies to, but if you read this Act closely, you will see that the Act itself appears in section 7705, Impact Aid. See Bluebook R. 12 in the white pages.). If the federal statute that you are citing is still in force,BluebookRule 12.2.1 states that you should cite to the official code or its supplement if available. However, for something like a law review article, even if you found it online, you still need to follow the instructions in Rule 16 to cite it. Gen. Laws Ann. Suppose you first cite a book by Sandra Jones in footnote #28 in your paper, like this: Then, you cite that same book in footnote #34, like this: What happens if, later on, you add another footnote to your paper BEFORE the Jones book citation that has been in footnote #28? Law Reviews:Use small caps for the statutory abbreviation. For more information on statutory codes and the publication of statutes, watch WhatStatutes Are and Where They Are Published in our Statutory Research Tutorial (on the right). Lexis and Westlaw show citations for every case. Annotated codes: When citing to one of the unofficial annotated codes you need to indicate which set you used by identifying the publisher at the end of the cite. The style most commonly used by lawyers and legal scholars. or U.S.C.S.) 35 ILCS 200/26-20 (Lexis through P.A. & Trusts 3-203 (2016). If citing to separate sections, use two symbols, and list out the sections, e.g. Sess.). Also include the name of the publisher, editor or compiler. This is the accepted format for citing statutes in court documents. 35 ILCS 200/26-20, 635/35 (2014 State Bar Edition). ==========================================================. It is no longer in the print version of the Bluebook, but it is freely available online. Example: Neb. If you want them to be correct, you have to fix them. Citing multiple consecutive sections: See R. 3.3(b) (pp. In this situation,R12.2.1(a)tells you to citethe U.S.C.S. ", Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2020. If you are referring toanon-English primary source in its original language, you should cite the original-language version. *Citing to the year is optional if citing to official or unofficial editions of the U.S.C. All rights reserved. For more information on whether you are looking at the official and authentic U.S. Code on the internet, please click here. Citation examples use non-academic citation format (i.e., the format for briefs and legal memoranda). For example. A "public law" is an individual statute as it is passed by Congress. Stat. and the Federal Register, Office of Law Revision Council, Currency and Updating. For example, the. It's a fact of life that footnote numbers change as we add and remove footnotes from our paper during the editing process. It is also permissible to use both, placing the popular name in parenthesis. Bluebook R12.3 requires you to cite the official U.S.C. ; The Whitepages section: citation rules for legal academic publications, including law journal articles. 2016). 2021). If you are using Chicago style and your instructor or supervisor wants you to include a listing for statutes in your bibliography as well, use the same format as you would for the footnote. You can find official sources of the law in: In the U.S.C., or in the Public Law, look for statements about where the law applies to the Code (U.S.C. (3) If you are citing to a specific subdivision or subdivisions of a code section, indicate all the subjections. ", If citing multiple consecutive (sub)sections, use two section symbols, thus (Rule 3.3(b)). This is shown in the example accompanying rule 1.1. It is now in its 20th edition, more than an inch thick, and consists of over 500 pages of guidance on legal citation. Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA), 28 U.S.C. Often a point of confusion for students. State Statutes Both the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association and The Bluebook Manual of Legal Citation indicate that state statutes (laws that have been passed and added to the state code), should be cited to the code. Massachusetts Administrative Procedure Act, Mass. 13.1-697 (2011). 107 (Year) - Unofficial United States Code Service. 113-108). Code 1620 (West, Westlaw through 2012 portion of 2011-2012 Reg. Citing multiple non-consecutive sections: Separate sections with a comma. For scholarly citation format, the main difference is that the name of the code is in small and large caps for scholarly citation format. (4) Official titles: Only include an official title when the statute is commonly cited that way, or if the information would aid in the statute's easy identification within a textual setting [rule 12.3.1(a)]. Reurich v Sureway Employment and Training Pty Ltd (2018) FCA 680. the section or part number of the title or chapter; and. Rule12.3.2now specifies that citations to a federal code, whether official or unofficial, do not require a date. 20 U.S.C 7705 (2020). Law Review Typeface: N/A. Statute citation is covered in Bluebook Rule 12. I at 149, 2 (Ger.). Use citation sentences to cite sources and authorities that relate to the entire preceding sentence: The U.S. Supreme Court has the power to invalidate statutes that are repugnant to the U.S. Constitution. & Ill. Comp. When citing a range of sections or an entire act, the range must be specified in the citation. If you are citing to multiple sections, use . When you do a supra citation, you have to use the same font specifications as you did in the original citation. or the U.S.C.S. You should give the statute's name and original section number only if it is commonly cited that way, or if it would aid the identification of the statue. Instead, use "Id." then the new section or subsection number. ), 35 ILCS 200/26-20 (West, Westlaw through P.A. Consult rule 3.3 on how to use section and paragraph symbols. 594). If the current version only appears in the supplement, then the correct citation would be: 18 U.S.C. ), published by the U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO). FLA. STAT. to the coronavirus outbreak, (wide variations occur between jurisdictions). Short form: Id., Infra, Supra, Hereinafter, include an abbreviation of whichever version of the code is being cited; and. Cite statutes in footnotes, but not in your bibliography. , for certain states you must indicate the publisher in the parenthetical. Example: Impact Aid Coronavirus Relief Act. URL. ), available on Lexis. The section symbol () followed by a space and the section number containing the statute. . Yes! T1.1- Federal Judicial and Legislative Materials, Site Accessibility Select the text. number to indicate "and what follows. In the example below, signals are used in footnotes #8, #11, and #12. If a current official code does not exist (as is the case for many states), or if the statute is not yet published in an official codification, a citation to a current, unofficial code is preferred. Marbury v. Madison , 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137, 177-79 (1803) (federal laws); Fletcher v. Peck , 10 U.S. (6 Cranch) 87, 139 (1810) (state laws); 3455(j), 3456(e). Cummings Center for History of Psychology. So, again, you can use them but you will have to fix them. 47 USC 609 et seq. Note, however, that there are two types of punctuation marks that should have the footnote number placed before them: colons, and dashes. In general, a statute's name should only be included in a citation if the statute is commonly cited by name. 1984). Codes contain the statutes currently in force in a jurisdiction and are arranged topically.Note that per Bluebook rules, the code cited should be in small caps. 99-495 of the 2015 Legis. L. No. One of the worst parts of receiving a citation is how it can increase your car insurance payments. 5.013 (West 2008). , Comparative Constitutional Jurisprudence in the Twenty-First Century. Gen. Laws ch. For more information on how to cite supplements, please seeBluebookRule 3.1(c). is published more slowly than the unofficial U.S.C.A. To find the date for the supplement or the pocket part, look on the spine of the volume or the front page of the pocket part. Rules or situations may have changed since this page was last updated. : Used only if the statute you are citing is found immediately before the current citation. Because of this, citations for relatively recent statutes will typically be to an unofficial code. For additional examples, see the Basic Bluebooking--Statutesin Legal Documents tipsheet, provided courtesy of the Law Library at the Pace Law School. Va. Code Ann. The model for a federal statute is: Title Code Section (year*). If your professor allows this,copy the citation shown at the top of the screen, including the A. in U.S.C.A. This style looks very different from the other more widely used and familiar styles such as Turabian, MLA and APA. If you copy the citation from Lexis or Westlaw, be sure to delete theA. in U.S.C.A. Look at the exampleslisted in the Bluebook. When you first create footnote #34, don't manually type "28" after "supra note." Footnote #1: Messi v. Haaland, 100 F.4th 197 (9th Cir. ; Since law school work focuses on academic writing, this guide describes and explains the rules in the Whitepages section. Preference should be given to this reporter for High Court decisions. Cite to the official United Statutes Code (U.S.C. 107 (Year) - Official U.S. Code, 17 U.S.C.A. If it does not, cite to the last edition of the code in which it appeared. The section symbol () followed by a space and the section number containing the statute. App. Citing online versions of unofficial codes: Include the legal service provider name and the currency of the database as provided by the legal service provider's description. by the Office of Law Revision Counsel. The first line of each citation is left adjusted. 2016). 1956 (Lexis through Pub. NAM . For information on where to find these codes online, please click here. (published by LexisNexis). How do you cite consecutive subsections of a statute? 810 ILCS 5/3-118 (LexisNexis Supp. Additionally, if you are citing more than one section, use a double section number (), with each of the sections separated by commas. Therefore, thecorrect citation would be: 12 U.S.C. This is shown in footnotes #8 and #12 in the example below. ABBREVIATIONS & OMISSIONS USED IN CITATIONS. Instructions for citing foreign (non-English) materials are provided in detail in Rule 20.2 and in the individual country sections in Table T2 (which is freely available online; note not every jurisdiction is covered). How do you reference legislation Harvard style? For additional examples, see theBasic Bluebooking--Statutesin Legal Documents tipsheet, provided courtesy of the Law Library at the Pace Law School. A guide to legal citation using Bluebook rules. Cite to the official code whenever possible. Remember that when citing to an annotated code, cite only to the text of the statute, not to any of the annotations or other editorial enhancements. How do you cite multiple subdivisions of a statute? supplements [see rules 3.1(c), 12.2.1(a) & 12.3.1(e)]. Citing to a pocket part or supplement: See R. 3.1(c) (pp. When citing a supplement or pocket part, use the year appearing on the title page of the supplement or pocket part. BluebookRule 12covers how statutes should be cited in legal documents. Look for the note: "References in this text," e.g.. Stat. but the title, section, . For example: Morse v. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved Then, either (a) access the. Sess.). Please note that no URL is required when citingto an authenticated source, according to Rule 18.2.1(a)(ii). For example, if Lexis says it is current through Pub. Statutory codes exist in order to make it easier for individuals to find what the current law is on a given topic, such as criminal law. The date does not refer to the last time the statute was amended but, rather, to the most recent public law included in the database. Providing an English-language translation of foreign-language article titles is permitted, but not necessary. These are generally correct in that the letters and numbers are right. 1350 (2018). Upon finding the appropriate jurisdiction, consult the 'statutory compilations' section. Otherwise, cite a current unofficialcode or its supplements. Stat. Use a dash between the beginning and ending section numbers. Impact Aid Coronavirus Relief Act. but the title, section, and text of the statute are almost always identical for all three versions. If you do this every time you add a supra citation, you will be able to update all of the numbers in all of the supra citations in your paper in a few keystrokes, regardless of how many footnotes you have. How do you cite consecutive subsections of a statute? What does that mean? Unofficial, commercial publications are often published much more frequently and quickly than official publications. 2021). and not the U.S.C.A., or to the Mass. ), if available; otherwise, cite an unofficial code, such as the United States Code Annotated (U.S.C.A. Consult rule 3.3 on how to use section and paragraph symbols. https://www.congress.gov/109/plaws/publ58/PLAW-109publ58.pdf. Examples are given for two types of citations: to a chapter number (for very old statutes), or to a public law number (for newer statutes). are unofficial codes. Since law school work focuses on academic writing, this guide describes and explains the rules in the Whitepages section. To cite a federal statute, you need to include: The title of the act; The source in which it is found; The year in which it was enacted (session laws) OR the year in which the source was published (codes). If you dont pay your citation by its due date or attend your scheduled court date, you may face late fees, legal repercussions, or increased insurance premiums. 107 (Year) - Unofficial United States Code Annotated, 17 U.S.C.S. Citing online versions of Illinois statutes: Include the legal service provider name and the currency of the database as provided by the legal service provider's description. This format is for use in law review articles. Do not cite to a pocket part or supplement if the only new information is additional case annotations or references to secondary sources. Gen. Laws ch. Further, citations can be made to an authenticated (Rule 18.2.1(a(i))) or official (Rule 18.2.1(a)(ii)) online version (though be careful, a site may look official, but not actually be so). 2913.02. There is a video further down in this guide that explains how to use Word's Internal Cross-Reference feature to add footnote reference numbers to supra citations (clickBluebook Training Videosin the table of contents tothe left of this text to navigate to it). For print, you will choose the year of the volume that you are consulting. For more information on how to cite electronic media and online sources, please see Bluebook Rule 12.5. Statutes, Laws, and Codes. Cite to Privy Council Reports (Ind. : Do not use a short citation form other thanid. For more information about how this works, seerule 1.5: Parenthetical Information. To determine where the statute is codified (where it appears in the United States Code), follow this process: Find the U.S.C. after the U.S.C. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. A publisher name is not included. It is therefore best practice to consult theBluebookwhen citing a statute from a new state. Instead, insert it as a cross-reference, following the instructions in the video below. Annotated codes: When citing to one of the unofficial annotated codes you need to indicate which set you used by identifying the publisher at the end of the cite. 8 U.S.C.A. - cite there if available [rule 12.3 & table 1]. Example:Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) 103, 17 U.S.C. Click on the "Insert" command, then the "Symbol" option. 106. We have some short videos of Bluebook tips that are based on the FAQ in this guide. (2009). When using commercial electronic databases such as Lexis or Westlaw, it is important that you include the currency of the database in the parenthetical. The purpose of this guide is to introduce The Bluebook and basic concepts of legal citation to new law students. For articles from foreign periodicals and newspapers, see rule 20.6. For further information on state statutes, please click here. *, Energy Policy Act of 2005, Pub. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, print. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Material. Nonconsecutively Paginated Periodicals - Abbreviations, Bluebook Quick Reference: Abbreviations and How-tos, The abbreviation of the code used (here, U.S.C. 18 U.S.C.S. Illinois' numbering system for statutes includes dashes. ). ), the official federal code, if available.".