One of the results of Operation Casablanca, a U.S. government undercover operation undertaken in the late 1990s, was the acquisition of several tapes, one of which featured then Mexican Secretary of Defense Enrique Cervantes seeking ways to launder $150 billion. Rather, they seem to be deeply imbedded in the current Mexican socio-political, economic scene. the 1980s investigations against the Herreras continued. In November of 1991, for example, a United States Customs Service plane trailing a Mexican police plane in pursuit of a plane transporting drugs recorded an extraordinary scene using long range infrared video equipment. Meanwhile, the Mexican cartels, after a period of upheaval subsequent to Fuentes' death, seem to have stabilized. A number of groups by-passed Mexico, and set up Puerto Rico as the transshipment site of choice. facing law enforcement officials. It is estimated that collectively, commanding officers in the Mexican law enforcement community may have taken in up to $315 million pesos ($31.5 million) over the past several years (AFP, 8/4/99). Shaffer, Edward, "Mexico's internal state conflict over the war on drugs," Criminal Organizations, Summer 1996, pp. When cut, this amounted to over eight tons of five-percent Some are artistic photos and others are simply panoramic photos taken by amateurs and friends who simply like Los Herrera.See more photos . Alexander, Herbert and Gerald E. Caiden, The Politics and Economics of Organized Crime, Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 1985. It will be most difficult to wean the Self Defense Force from this new-found wealth, and they paradoxically loom on the horizon as a threat to the sovereign government of Colombia from the political right. Reuters, "Mexico indians reject out-of-date aid in Chiapas," 1/20/98, internet. AFP, "Migrants' funds boost Mexican economy," 10/30/00, internet. Unfortunately, there are still a number of details that remain to be worked out; what will American agents be allowed to do when in Mexico; how will extradition matters be handled; will American agents be permitted to carry their U.S.-issued firearms when on duty in Mexico? As long as the party-state arrangement continues, there will be little hope of any serious law enforcement attention given to the cartels; token efforts to please American certification requirements, yes, but no serious efforts of consequence, and public murders of this nature as well as other inappropriate behaviors, will continue to occur. from what I recall he wasn't a user and the people around him weren't allowed either. Wall Street Journal, "Raul Salinas cooperated with drug traffickers," 3/13/98, p. 1. We have obtained an updated satellite photo of Los Herrera and at this link you will navigate through its streets. Frontline, "Colombian Drug War," 4/20/00. While there is little hard data, U.S. law enforcement officers stationed on the U.S.-Mexican border have long noted, "where the Mexican army goes, dope flows." Originally designed to prevent wars and unsavory politics between rivals, the rule has outlasted its usefulness and has now become a major obstacle to effective drug enforcement efforts. in New York seized 85 pounds of cocaine that had been concealed in 4,500 pounds U.S. McMahon, Colin, "U.S. pressure in drug war angers Mexico," Chicago Tribune, 2/5/96, p. 1. El 02 was later released from prison under what some might characterize as suspicious circumstances. Jorge Hank Rhon, the younger of the two sons, lives in the northern border town of Tijuana and is a close associate of the Felix-Arellano brothers, the leaders of The Federation. neighborhood currency exchanges to send money orders back to Durango. Colombia on the other hand, currently has a relatively weak cartel presence, but an overwhelmingly powerful terrorist presence. Watson, Russell, "Coke and Mrs. Newsweek, 3/10/97, p. 36. At the 11th hour however, Mexico capitulated. cities. In March of 1998, 68 police and military officials were arrested due to their drug connections (AFP, 3/6/98). Senator backs Mexican call for scrapping of 'certification'," 9/22/00, internet. AFP, "Specter of division reappears in Mexico's ruling party," 6/10/99, internet. Bulita, Jeff, "Mexico faces corruption, crime, drug trafficking and political intrigue," Criminal Organizations, Spring 1997, pp. At a press conference to present the person, the 11. The proposed goals are certainly laudable, and if achieved, would clearly have a dampening impact on the proliferation of transnational organized crime activities in this world, but are perhaps little more than the ravings of utopian visionaries. , Sinaloa, by the Army. Indeed, the cartels and the money they generate are enmeshed within the very fabric of life in Mexico fabric. 3. The "new" dimension to the money laundering trade will be the enhanced capabilities afforded the cartels due to their increased access to the internet, more powerful computers, and more complicated software. opium poppy plants, processed and packaged heroin in Mexico, and transported it El 02 and El 03 are said to be direct reports under El Mayo and his successor, Mayito Flaco. Herrera-Nevares was the patriarch of a huge criminal syndicate based in the Herrera Herrera was also in wanted by United States authorities for carrying AFP, "Mexico City's mayor to resign, concentrate on presidential bid," 9/17/99, internet. In February 2022, the highly-regarded news publication EME-EQUIS reported on documents they received, leaked from an Army intelligence investigation into Durango politicians involved in organized crime. There it was either sold locally or distributed to other U.S. Associated Press, "Zedillo faces cat calls during talk," 9/1/99, internet. There are probably a dozen Mexican syndicates that are involved in the drug trade. The plane was being serviced and fueled by Mexican military personnel. Will President Fox be successful in his call for the development of a coordinated regional/multinational war-effort against drug trafficking? In conjunction with the American law enforcement community, they are turning both sides of the border region into a de-facto military zone, with all the accompanying infringements and abuses spawned by such a demarcation. Malherve was released from jail on a technicality a few weeks after the United States certification was finalized (Brant, 1997). This discovery led to an investigation which determined that between June 1993 and December 1994 some 170 tons of ephedrine had been shipped to Mexico. 1, 21. The average annual temperature is 24C and average annual precipitation is 500 mm. El Arqui fled to a cave nearby and hid out inside it, protected by a number of bodyguards. In January of 2000 for example, there was a running fire fight near El Paso, Texas between several U.S. law enforcement officers and several Mexican military personnel who had driven across the border in broad daylight. [1] Time, of course, will tell whether or not such aspirations are achieved or relegated to the garbage dump of political rhetoric. Sinaloa cartel. He then assured the reporters that they would release more information within the next 24 hours. I would of told him U don't be stupid u fat lil toad. , Sinaloa. The Herrera family has close ties with families in the town of Carreras, durango. Possession of American currency has national security implications in Colombia - if you have lots of American cash it is surely drug money, and you may be working with our enemies - FARC and/or the ELN. equipment, three drug packages weighing nearly a pound each, and 174 packages As a response to this changing market, the cartels will need to both diversify, and get involved in other markets. Eventually a percentage of those funds will be floated back to the political leadership. Emerging on the scene in early 1994, some 150 people were killed in confrontations between the EZLN and government troops. dont worry another meth maker will take overget puffed out, http://www.informador.com.mx/mexico/2012/357271/6/detienen-a-productor-de-metanfetaminas-del-cartel-del-pacifico.htm, yah i noe. Of the seven, all were former Mexican law enforcement agents. The Durango Cartel, also known as the Herrera Cartel, is a Mexican drug cartel based in Durango City, Durango. The Gulf (or Matamoros) Cartel - This cartel was run by Juan Garcia-Abrego, but he was captured in January of 1996 and convicted in Texas in October of that year. The human trafficking business is becoming increasingly dangerous and violent, particularly along the southern California border near San Diego. As the phenomenal economic run in America continues(and there appears no end in sight), the economic migration from south to north will likewise continue. organization for a year. Los Herreras is at 281 meters above sea level and is located in the east-central part of the state. Schrader, Esther, "Traffickers Lure Kids to Do The Dirty Work of Smuggling Drugs from Mexico," Los Angeles Times, August 15, 2000, pp. As a result, a relatively brisk trade in narco-dollars has arisen in the U.S. Large amounts of cash are given to American brokers who smurf the money into various American bank accounts. 19-25. He owned hotels, real estate and an air taxi service in Texas, and even more extensive holdings in Mexico including newspapers, hotels, construction firms, lumber companies, moving businesses, ranches, real estate (Reuters, 9/29/96). The President may recommend: c. grant a vital national interest certification. In Mexico, the same ZIP code can be assigned to several towns. Off the books cash flows very freely. Some ten years ago, a special Mexican border police force, Grupo Beta, was created. In addition to the murder charge, Raul Salinas is strongly suspected of being involved in various drug activities and masterminding several other political killings. While marijuana is still the most popular drug in Mexico, cocaine is no longer far behind, and is now reaching new populations, such as the children and the poor. Toluco needs to tighten up his own use lol. activity began in 1996 as a synthetic drug dealer in Los Angeles, California, AFP, "Fugitive former Mexican official commits suicide in US," 9/15/99, internet. Good job AMLO. Warning! At An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference on Organized Crime: Myth, Power, Profit, October 1999, Lausanne, Switzerland. AFP, "Former police chief arrested on drug charges," 2/27/99, internet. Associated Press, "Mexico head urges lower oil prices," 10/6/00, internet. .The arrest of the alleged drug Remember government knows where all the cats hide just waiting on green light from high commands. After analyzing the demographic data of Los Herrera, separated by men and women, and also by age groups, we can analyze what the future of the population in this town will be like. The Gulf Cartel is based in south Texas (Brownsville and Laredo) and northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) and controls the gulf region, as its name implies. The Army and the National Guard had launched a joint operation to capture Gerardo Soberanes Ortiz, alias El G1, in the dark of night hours in the northern part of Durango City. The hypocrisy of the United States, the worlds' largest consumer of illicit drugs, passing judgement and issuing sanctions if other nations refuse to fight the drug war in ways the United States itself refuses to do, is not lost on leaders both north and south of the border (AFP, 2/27/98; McMahon, 1996; Moore and Anderson, 1996). The article had an interesting interview with an average Mexican who said as follows: "We don't have any faith in the government's ability to fight drug trafficking, but that doesn't mean we like the United State's coming in and dictating. Reuters, "Alleged drug kingpin held in killing of Cardinal," 12/6/93, internet. The Immigration and Naturalization Service recently announced the hiring of an additional 1,000 agents who will be assigned to patrol the border, primarily in Texas. There is no denying the need for such multi-national cooperative law enforcement efforts, but such undertakings alone will not be effective. The video further revealed that the army regiment was deployed in a strategic military context to protect the clandestine airstrip (Frontline, 10/10/00). They must particularly resist the powerful and deeply entrenched forces within the Mexican culture that will attempt to deflect this electoral revolution into a "business as usual" reality and the continuance of the well-established governmental connections with the region's drug cartels. Mexico appeared to be poised to make a long-term run at improving their economy. Lyman, Michael and Gary Potter, Organized Crime. Moore, Molly, "Vast Mexico drug car crackdown targets top officials," Washington Post, 4/8/99, p. A21. Tied in to this is his call for increased privatization of state-owned industries, and a desire to join Mercusor, the Argentine and Brazilian dominated free-trade bloc. While auto theft will surely continue to be a problem thereafter, the pressure to steal will likely be somewhat diminished. It should be pointed out that there is more to this game than may meet the eye. One estimate places over 1,000 Herrera family cocaine and heroin dealers in the United States (AFP, 12/6/97). In the past five years there have been five very public murders in which the organized crime interests have most certainly played a role, and they are of particular note. In the 1980s the Colombian drug cartels rose to power, and they needed a way to bring cocaine into the American market. The army detained 34 police officers along with him on suspicion of protecting him. Will the Mexican cartels try their hand in the burgeoning European economies or limit their focus to the western hemisphere? It appears as if the cartel leaders, even those who are not in partnership with the Mexican leadership, are willing to play along with the certification game, to give themselves up from time to time for a token arrest, and to let a small cache of their drugs be publicly "captured" and burned to achieve a positive public relations effect. Also voicing strong opinions against re-certification of Mexico was the Chair of the House of International Relations Committee, Republican Congressman Benjamin Gilman. The Sinaloa Cartel broke off and began cooperating with the Cali cartel to transship huge quantities of cocaine during the 1980s and early 1990s. Socio-economic issues of the day were ignored. Did you know that this town in Durango has 653 inhabitants? Juarez controlled durango until chapo. @ anon February 14, 2012 5:54 PM & February 14, 2012 2:47 PM,you are both wrong,dont pretend to know this guy.Jaime Herrera Herrera is 100% Sinaloense,& no,he is not from Culiacan either.Hes not far from there though,but not Culiacan!This man learned his trait from a guy from Guanajuato by the name of Efrain back in late 91 early 92 in the San Diego mountains.So please "Know-it-alls",it only shows your stupidity. In what may become a decided shift in public policy efforts, Barry McCaffrey noted, "you cannot arrest yourself out of a drug problem." In 2000, the activities of 32 countries will be examined. The United States has also steadily increased its interdiction efforts, particularly in the area of personnel deployment. The suspect Jaime Herrera Herrera was detained in Culiacan in Sinaloa state along with an alleged accomplice. Associated Press, "Mexico drug certification likely," 3/1/99, internet. Their impact is felt in the United States as well, with many U.S. officials now calling them the premier challenge facing U.S. law enforcement in the 21st century. President Fox has of late pressed matters in the press, openly calling on the United States to take on a greater responsibility for the drug problems (Associated Press, 11/27/00). Tavia's purge of the police force never took place (Reding, 1995). Nearly all of the arrests took place on foreign soil in an attempt to counter the long legal battles that take place when illegals are arrested having once arrived in the United States (Benjamin, 2000). In the end, the opposition settled on Vicente Fox, and with the support of the coalition, he defeated the PRI candidate Labastida in the July 2000 elections and took office December 1, 2000. It has been an important factor in our economy, unquestionably.'" An additional example of the game that is played - a few hours after the United States announced that Mexico had been re-certified in 1997, Mexico announced that Humberto Abrego, a major player in the Gulf Cartel who was in custody in Mexico, walked out of the police headquarters and escaped somehow. AFP, "Mexican minister denies drug busts aim at appeasing US," 2/22/99, internet. As a result, the entire Mexican economic structure became de-stabilized. Then, literally out of the blue, in late 1994 and early 1995, the Mexican peso was devaluated and Mexico faced a huge international financial crisis. More careful investigations have revealed that Stanley maintained long, on-going relationships with known drug dealers, including the infamous Amado Carrillo Fuentes, the notorious "Lord of the Skies." 1. While the timing of such announcements is certainly suspect, the Mexican government's efforts have seen some results of late. Nope just a typical Federal Government clean up to gain points for upcoming elections . Mexican politics was dominated for some 35 years by Jose de la Cruz Porfirio Diaz who served as President from 1876 until 1911 (with a four year hiatus from 1880 to 1884). This murder greatly unsettled the Mexican people. He was tied to Raul Salinas, the brother of former Mexican President Carlos Salinas (president from 1988-1994) (Reuters, 1996). If so, will they settle for a share of the drug trade or will they attempt to develop a monopoly in the North and South American drug trafficking markets? Subsequently postal money orders and cashiers checks are written on those accounts and mailed to the Colombians, who then may use these financial instruments to purchase commodities in Colombia. Interestingly, as 1994 dawned, two men stood in the way of Ernesto Zedillo attaining to the presidency - Luis Donald Colosio and Jose Francisco Massieu. Newsweek, June 26, 2000, pp. That statement also smacks of rhetoric, of the liberal tradition. Dollars sent home by Mexican workers located in America have become a crucial and integral component of the Mexican economy, surpassing American investment in Mexico by nearly one billion dollars per year (AFP, 10/30,00). At around 7:00 am on Friday, January 20, 2023, Crescencio Sandoval, the head of the Army announced that an operation to capture an important Sinaloa Cartel - Los Cabreras figure was currently being carried out in Durango. During personal visits with President Clinton, Al Gore and George W. Bush in August of 2000, he argued for the complete opening of the U.S./Mexican border within the next 10 to 30 years, and proposed an amendment to NAFTA which would allow for a free labor flow between Mexico, the U.S. and Canada. makes a final decision and passes the matter on to Congress before March 1. Reuters, "U.S., Mexico unveil join plan to fight drug trade," 2/6/98, internet. one time, Chicago area law enforcement agencies believed the Herreras This information included the identities of undercover agents and every bit of information about the United States-Mexican intelligence unit used to track major cartel persons. The Hank family - A second family syndicate, the Hank Family, has been emerging of late as a powerful player in the drug trade. Comments are moderated, refer to policy for more information.Enva fotos, vdeos, notas, enlaces o informacin Todo 100% Annimo;borderlandbeat@gmail.com. Reuters, "U.S.-Mexican drug meeting stresses cutting demand," 3/19/98, internet. AFP, "Mexico wary of money-laundering bill," 9/27/99, internet. A Federal Judicial Police officer was among the suspects arrested for the crime (Bulita, 1997). Authorities have attributed the increase in violence not simply to the increased numbers, but in large part to the drug and immigrant smugglers who are frustrated by the crackdown that has occurred along the border over the past five years. In response to this admission, Mexican opposition parties have demanded that President Zedillo be subpoenaed in connection to potential illegal contributions received from Carlos Peniche (AFP, 6/1/99). AFP, "Mexican government rejects rebel proposal for peace," 3/4/98, internet. (7) A number of the Colombian drug gangs have now abandoned the American market, and have turned their attention to what is fast becoming a literal drug supermarket - Europe and Central Asia. Since 1990, the number of United States attorneys in the region has gone up 80 percent; the budget for the United States Customs Service has increased by 72 percent since 1993 (McCaffrey, 1997). Associated Press, "Fox talks economics in Europe tour," 10/2/00, internet. "When I came here, I realized the key to success in this job would be working with Juarez," said El Paso Police Chief Leach (Larmer, 1997). Though strides have been made in the past decade, Mexican physical infrastructure and medical facilities can both still be classified as underdeveloped. It was " by far the strongest cocaine-trafficking group. Population coming from outside the State of Durango: Percentage speaking an indigenous language: Percentage who speak an indigenous language and do not speak Spanish: Employed population over 12 years (women): Dwellings with toilet or sanitary facilities: Households with personal computer, laptop or tablet. 500 federal, state, and local law enforcement officers in Chicago, Illinois, He has continued to push this "NAFTA-plus" notion and the need to create a North American common market, and gives every indication that he intends to continue pursing this goal (Associated Press, 11/27/00). What the Mexican people do not like and are becoming increasingly intolerant to is the militarization of the U.S.-Mexican border. IMPACT OF THE DRUG TRADE ON THE MEXICAN AND AMERICAN ECONOMIES The drug trade and the narco-dollars it generates is an integral aspect of virtually aspect of the Mexican economy, from the boardrooms and halls of government to the common farmers and slum dwelling "mules." Though hardly a new market per se, money laundering continues to grow as a major activity of the cartels and their conspirators. a year. The Mexican and Colombian cartels began another series of meetings. / 01.05.2023 13:28:00. President Fox, however, has publicly stated that if evidence of criminal wrongdoing undertaken by his predecessor came to light, he would do what he could to institute legal proceedings against him (Weymouth, 2000, p. 35). As events unfolded, it turns out that the financial crisis had its roots in the drug trade. How to get to Los Herrera? Associated Press, "Mexico paper struggles to survive," 10/31/00, internet. "HEARST" and "Redlogarythm" for Borderland Beat This week, a pamphlet showing the rules of conduct given to hitmen in "Sol Prendido" for Borderland Beat The United Nations warns in a new report that insecurity in the capital has reached levels com "Sol Prendido for Borderland Beat The war begins in Tamaulipas. In the face of this pending crisis, Mexico will soon receive a $23.7 billion financial aid package from the IMF, the World Bank, the U.S. Eximbank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the U.S. Federal Reserve and the Central Bank of Canada. Benjamin, Jody A., "Human-smuggling ring interrupted," Lincoln Journal/Star, 10/18/00, p.3. As El Paso border liaison police officer Jesus Torrones indicated, "the criminals have always relied on the border to stop us, but that's not the case anymore" (Christian Science Monitor, 2/3/98). CERTIFICATION One of the external political problems facing the Mexican government is that the United States conducts an annual evaluation of some 30 of its trading partners' drug fighting efforts. Abstract Background Introduction to the Drug Cartels and The Drug Wars The Mexican Drug Cartels Today The Rise of the Mexican Drug Cartels The Mexican Political Scene: An Historical Perspective The Mexican Political Scene: A Contemporary Perspective Institutionalized Corruption Certification Impact of the Drug Trade on the Mexican and American Economies The New Markets Stopping Them Conclusion: The Future The Unanswered Questions Post Script Endnotes References Index. son I Ruperto RR. By Smith, Elliot Blair, "Incoming Mexican Leader Adopts World View," USA Today, October 4, 2000, p. 14A. Though not politically popular, the data clearly indicates that law enforcement/military interdiction alone cannot solve this problem. "Colombia: Rebels Earn Billions from Crime," Criminal Organizations, May 1999, p. 27. There were two factions to this group, but they came together under Fuentes, who by 1997 was grossing as much as $200 million a week. In a recent highly publicized case, the wife of U.S. Army Colonel James Hiett has been charged with smuggling cocaine out of Colombia into the United States (Watson, 1999). It will be some years before his "freedom of expression" assertion can be validated, and it will be longer still to see if the Mexican mass media successfully conquerors tradition and emerges with a new face with an independent and powerful democratic countenance. American Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, House of International Relations Committee, Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Institute for Fight Against Drug Trafficking, International Multilateral Development Banks. Later that day, more details emerged. Her testimony about the meeting is likely a major reason why the Army chose to investigate Mayor Enrquez Herrera years later, in 2020.
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